| Philosophy | Individual | What it means today | |
| Cynic | believed that
people should seek virtue only, and should scorn pleasure, wealth, and social position |
Diogenes | a sarcastic person who believes that selfish and insincere motives underlie people's actions |
| Stoic | divine reason directed the world and that people should not complain but should learn to accept whatever nature might bring | Zeno | one who remains outwardly unaffected by pain or pleasure |
| Epicurean | the aim of life focused on seeking pleasure and avoiding
pain;
initially this meant the seeking of intellectual pleasure but this later changed to include physical pleasure |
Epicurus | one who enjoys the pleasure of the senses, particularly someone who enjoys fine food and chooses to postpone worry |