Generalization: As a result of the Reformation, religion divided Europe.
Generalization: As a result of Catholic and Protestant attempts to strengthen
their followers' faith, education became more important.
Generalization: The power of the national governments increased while
the power of the pope declined.
1. Southern and eastern Europe and Ireland remained firmly Catholic. France and the Netherlands were splint religiously. Switzerland, northern Germany, England, Scotland and the Scandinavian countries were Protestant.
2. Many new universities appeared in Europe in the 1400's and 1500's.
Protestant belief in studying the Bible stressed the importance of reading.
The Jesuits and other religious orders set up schools to strengthen the
faith of Catholics.
3. Protestant governments took responsibility for the leadership of the established church. Catholic rulers often obtained considerable control over their churches. The pope made concessions to retain the loyalty of rulers.