People and Terms of the Renaissance

back to Unit 2 Renaissance People, Terms and Nations, Dynastic Families (begins 500 AD in Northern Italian City-States, begins and ends different times throughout Europe) (Reformation, Counter-Reformation, Scientific Revolution, Age of Discovery) Identification of eras Balboa-crossed the Isthmus of Panama and claimed the Pacific for Spain
Botticelli- Painted Birth of Venus and other scenes from classical mythology also noted for his Madonnas
Brueghel-Painted lively scenes of village life
Boyle- founder of Modern Chemistry
Cabral-Claimed Brazil for Portugal
Calvin and Calvinism- broke away from the Catholic church, defined his new religion, emphasized predestination. created a new church in Switzerland
Cartier-His voyage up the St. Lawrence seaway gave the French claim to eastern Canada
Catherine the Great-Romanov ruler of Russia who continued Peter the Great's policies of expansion and resolved the Polish question. expanded the boundaries of Russia and benefitted from the partition of Poland
Charles V-A Hapsburg who was both King of France and Spain
Columbus-landed on a tiny island he named San Salvador
Copernicus-(Polish scientist) Heliocentric theory (sun is the center of the universe)
Cortes- Defeated the Aztec ruler Montezuma
Descartes- Described a new method of inquiry in which all thought would follow the orderly progression of scientific reasoning
Durer-noted for copper engravings and woodcuts
Erasmus- "In Praise of Folly" (ridiculed ignorance, superstition and vice among the clergy)
Ferdinand -led the Spanish Inquisition
Frederick William I- Hohenzollern who assisted in solidifying control in Prussia with strict discipline
Frederick I-"first king of Prussia" as granted by the Holy Roman Emperor
Frederick II (the Great)-expanded Prussian territory and made Prussia a first-class power in Europe
Galileo-Used the telescope to prove that the earth rotated on its axis. (popularized the use of the telescope)
Gutenberg-Invented the moveable type
Henry IV-choose the Duke of Sulley to increase French coffers
Henry VIII- King who got his own way and at the same time established the Anglican Church
Holbein-noted for painted portraits specifically of Erasmus and Sir Thomas More
Hooke- identified cells
Isabella-ruler of Castile who manipulated her marriage to Ferdinand and created a new country called Spain
Kepler-Discovered obits of the planets were ellipses
La Salle-Sailed down the Mississippi and claimed the entire island region of North American for France.
Lavoisier- Law of Conservation of Matter
Leewenhoek-Discovered Bacteria
Leonardo da Vinci-Made use of scientific experiments in paintings
Louis XIV- King of France who declared himself divine monarch
Luther and Lutheranism-Protested against the Catholic church's use of indulgences and the corruption of the church.
Machiavelli-Wrote the book "The Prince" which emphasized control of the people by a ruler to establish a society where people would be best served by the ruler.
Magellan-First to circumvent the globe
Marie Theresa-Hapsburg who benefitted when the Pragmatic Sanction was declared
Martin Luther- Challenged the church by posting 95 thesis on the church door
Michelangelo-Paintings and sculpture have massive dignity.
Michael Romanov-established the Romanov dynasty in Russia that was in control for over 300 years until the last Czar of Russia in 1917.
Newton-Combined Kepler and Galileo to develop Laws of Universal Gravitation
Peter the Great- Attempted to Westernize Russia
Philip II- centralized Spanish government
Pizarro-Conqueror the Incas
Ponce de Leon-explored Florida
Prince Henry (of Portugal)-Established a school for navigators
Raphael-Noted for his Madonnas
Richeleiu-Louis XIII's chief minister who strengthened the power of the king by appointing special officials that undermined the power of the nobles local power. He also weakened the power of the Hapsburgs throughout Europe, and the Huguenots or French protestants.
Sir Thomas More-Wrote "Utopia" which described both social problems and possible solutions
Titian-His works noted for very rich colors
Vasco da Gama-Sailed around the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of Africa and brought back spices and jewels from India.
Versalius- conducted investigations to see how the human body was constructed
William the Silent- leader of the rebellion of the Netherlands from Spanish rule Terms

95 Thesis-

Absolute Monarchy-

Astrolabe-

Balance of Power- maintaining an equilibrium of international politics

Commercial Revolution-

Compass-

Divine Right of Kings-

Favorable Balance of Trade-

Galley-

Geocentric theory-

Guerilla Warfare-

Heliocentric theory-

Huguenots-French protestants

Humanist/Humanism-

Indulgence-

Intendant-

Joint-Stock Company-

Latitude-

Mercantilism- an economic theory that states that the world only contained a fixed amount of wealth and that to increase a countries wealth, one country had to take some wealth from another either through having a higher import/export ratio or in actual conquest of new lands

Middle Passage-

Perspective-

Predestination-

Scientific Revolution-

Scientific Method-

Sect-

Standard of Living-

Subsidy-

Tariff-

Tax Farming-

Theocracy-

Triangular Trade-

Utopia-(no such place)an ideal place or society written about by Sir Thomas More

Viceroy- representatives of the monarch in Spanish colonies

Category page

Development of Nations

	Leaders/Dynasty	Problems/Failures Wars/skirmishes	Success/ Accomplishments Special Treaties	Reason for Decline/ Reason for growth
Portugal	Prince Henry the Navigator	began a highly profitable slave trade with the triangular trade	Treaty of Tordesilas-after Pope Alexander VI drew a line down the middle of the Atlantic Ocean granted Spain the rights to all newly discovered lands west of the line this treat moved the line further west gained colonies in Asia and grew sugar for export in Brazil	slave trade profitable declined because it could not control its officials at home or in its new colonies, population decreased because of risky adventures, and Spain annexed Portugal in 1580
Spain	Isabella and Ferdinand Charles V (Bourbon) Phillip II(Bourbon)	War Of Spanish Succession War of the Austrian Succession	Treaty of Utrecht settled the War of Spanish Succession	Spanish shipped great amount s of wealth from their colonies but did not develop any industry, built large warships instead of smaller commercial ships, and had an inefficient government
Netherlands	Charles V Phillip II William the Silent	interested only in trade and did not try to convert the colonies, interested only in expanding their economic base. their strength was in their economic empire	self rule established by the protestants or Calvinists and The Republic of the United Provinces or the Netherlands was created	only Calvinists could hold office
France	Henry IV (first Bourbon) Duke of Sully , Cardinal Mazarin, Jean Baptiste Colbert, Marquis de Louvois Louis XIII Richelieu Louis XIV	War Of Spanish Succession War of the Austrian Succession	Treaty of Utrecht settled the War of Spanish Succession	continued to grow
Russia	Michael Romanov (Romanov) Peter the Great(Romanov) Catherine the Great(Romanov)	Catherine won control of the Sea of Azov, most of the shore of the Black Sea and a protectorate over the Crimea	Poland partitioned by Austria, Prussia and Russia	continued to grow
Prussia (HRE)	Frederick William (Hohenzollern) Frederick I (Hohenzollern) Frederick William I I(Hohenzollern) Frederick II the Great (Hohenzollern)	War of the Austrian Succession War Of Spanish Succession strengthened Prussia through strict discipline and the creation of a "monster" army		continued to grow
Austria (HRE)	Henry IV Maria Teresa(Hapsburg)	War of the Austrian Succession War Of Spanish Succession married their families throughout Europe but caused problems of succession	Treaty of Hubertusburg settled the war of Austrian Succession after the Seven years war Pragmatic Sanction allowed Maria Teresa to inherit the Hapsburgs territories intact Diplomatic Revolution or reversal of alliances which settled the question of Austrian alliances	lost Hapsburg territory to stronger military powers after many nations protested their marriages and took territory in a series of wars

Develpment of Empires during the Renaissance
1. Which empires are built? Where?
2. What happens to the empire that does not use the principles of mercantilism?
3. How does Mercantilism impact what is happening between Europeon during the Renaissance?
4. How does this impact the rest of the world?

Ideas of the Renaissance were spread by a new form of communication- The Broadside-the forerunner of the newspaper

Description Events

Renaissance
1300-1600 Italy
1350-1650 Spain
1350-1700 France
1400-1750 Netherlands
1500-1700 England
1550-1750 Russia
developed after the crusades when the ideas of humanism created an environment of curiosity and new interest in the individual de Medici brought back many of the written works of the ancient Greeks

Reformation
1500-1650 Begins in the Germanic principalities that were beginning to develop into city-states
Many new church were created after a questioning attitude of the Roman Catholic church and its practices Martin Luther posted the 95 thesis protesting indulgences and separated from the church after his trial John Calvin developed his idea of predestination and created his new (theocracy) church/ government in Switzerland
Henry VIII broke from the Catholic Church and created the new English church (Anglican church)

Counter-Reformation
1550-1600 was an attempt by the Catholic Church to reform itself after officials of the church began to loose members questioned the effectiveness of church practices Council of Trent

Scientific Revolution
1200-1700 spurred on by an interest in nature and curiosity and a questioning attitude each of the individual discoveries and inventions

Age of Exploration
1400-1600 began after the advent of new technology and techniques made exploration possible. spurred on by a curiosity and a questioning attitude for need products, a need to spread religion and expansion of the ideas of chilvary from the crusades. each of the new explorations
People began to need products to trade.

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	Description	Events
Renaissance 1300-1600 Italy 1350-1650 Spain 1350-1700 France 1400-1750 Netherlands 1500-1700 England 1550-1750 Russia	developed after the crusades when the ideas of humanism created an environment of curiosity and new interest in the individual	de Medici brought back many of the written works of the ancient Greeks
Reformation 1500-1650 Begins in the Germanic principalities that were beginning to develop into city-states	Many new church were created after a questioning attitude of the Roman Catholic church and its practices	Martin Luther posted the 95 thesis protesting indulgences and separated from the church after his trial John Calvin developed his idea of predestination and created his new (theocracy) church/ government in Switzerland Henry VIII broke from the Catholic Church and created the new English church (Anglican church)
Counter-Reformation 1550-1600	was an attempt by the Catholic Church to reform itself after officials of the church began to loose members questioned the effectiveness of church practices	Council of Trent
Scientific Revolution 1200-1700	spurred on by an interest in nature and curiosity and a questioning attitude	each of the individual discoveries and inventions
Age of Exploration 1400-1600	began after the advent of new technology and techniques made exploration possible. spurred on by a curiosity and a questioning attitude for need products, a need to spread religion and expansion of the ideas of chilvary from the crusades.	each of the new explorations People began to need products to trade.