Garibaldi - wished to see all of Italy united as quickly as possible by revolutionary means using the Red Shirts 

Victor Emmanuel - wanted to see Italy united under Sardinia and backed both Cavour 

Mazzini - wanted to see a united Italy using Reform using secret societies (Carbonari) and nationalist movements (Young Italy)

1849- Austrian rule was overthrown in Lombardy and Venetia 

-Republic was established in Rome 

-Rebellions were put down in all but Sardinia 

1852-Cavour becomes chief minister of Sardinia 

1858-Cavour and Napoleon made a secret agreement to fight Austria 

1859- Sardinia gains Lombardy in war between Sardinia and Austria 

1860-Sardinia annexed Parma, Modena, Tuscany and Romagna. 

-Garibaldi seized Sicliy and Naples 

-Garibaldi and Cavour agreed to the establishment of a Kingdom of Italy 

-Elections created unification. Rome and Venetia excluded 

1866-Italy gained Venetia in the Seven Weeks War. 

1870- Franco-Prussian War forced Napoleon III to withdraw his troops from Rome 

-Roman citizens voted for union with Italy. 

- Rome was then proclaimed the capital of the kingdom of Italy 

-Unification was complete.

Traditions and independence separated different regions 

Tensions grew between the industrialized north and the agricultural south 

Development of the Mafia (a state within a state) 

Attempts at military and territorial growth led to inflation and heavy taxes 

Although unified, Italy had not achieved stability