1. Louis XVIII (Bourbon)

a. Retained

2. state supported schools

3. Napoleonic Code

b. only wealthy allowed to vote

c. Constitution limited kings power

a. Abolished constitution

b. taxed to reimburse those emigres whose estates had been seized

c. abdicated

a. prices rose because of high tarriffs designed to benifit manufacturers

b. constitution but voting still limited

c. anti-labor and opposed unions

d. food shortages and unemployment

a. New National Assembly voted to stop liberal policies

b. decided upon a Republican government (Second Republic)

c. Louis Napoleon elected

a. appeared to support more democratic reforms while gaining support of army and catholic church in France

b. called for a plebicite which would require a new constitution

c. new constitution extended his term of president to 10 years

d. called himself Napoleon III, Emperor

e. legislature had no power even though they still had constitution

f. removed freedoms which made it impossible to organize opposition to Napoleon

g. fought wars with Great Britain, against Russia in the Crimea, while expanding French colonial interests. Tried to divert attention from internal problems with successes internationally.

h. Was lured into a war with Prussia and after France's defeat was captured

a. signed the Treaty of Frankfort which was a peace treaty following the Franco-Prussian war
1. required France to give up its rich coal producing area- Alsace-Lorraine
2. required a huge indemnity from France to be paid over three yearsand German troops would remain in France until signed
b. able to establish a republic with a president and legislative body with the position of prime minister developing later

The Franch are extremely patriotic and continue to have the highest percentage of voters within the Western European communities yet they have the most frequent change in government. Queen Victoria reigned 63 years. Which gave England great stability provided by the constancy of one ruler.  England grew both militarily and economically throughout the world. Their territories began great natioalistic movements in the late 1800's and early 1900's.
France is today in its 7th Republic, a coalition of social democrates, communists, constitutional democrates, and other smaller political parties. The President is the head of the government today and is selected by the people but the National Assembly has again gained considerable power. The Prime Minister is selected by the National Assembly and depending on the influence and strength of unity in the Assemble, the Prime Minister can sometimes be the real head of government.
Instability continues in France. They continue to experience the push pull of liberalism vrs. conservatism.