School for Dictators

	Mussolini (Il Duce) 1883-1945	Hitler (Fruher) 1889-1945	Stalin (Koba) 1879-1953	Franco(Caudillo) 1892-1975
Dates	1922-43	1933-45	1924-53	1939-75
Country	Italy	Germany	Russia(USSR)	Spain
Ideology	Facists	Nazi Party	Communist	Falange (Facist)
Goal	create a new Roman Empire	gain lebensraum and unite all German speaking peoples into the Third Reich 1,000 years of Ayran Triumph	control Russia must have a strong economic Russia to buy weapons and conquer the world	keep out the liberals and protect the army, Church, and the landowners
Support Groups	middle and upper class, militarist, big business, unemployed, anti-communists	working class, nationalists, militarists unemployed, anti-semites, anti-communists	working class, peasants, militarists	nationalists militarists landowners anti-communists
Early background	son of a revolutionary blacksmith wounded in WWI socialist until WWI when kicked out of the party	Austrian son of a low level government official would be artist WWI medal early family trouble	son of a cobbler Georgian product of Russification wanted to be more Russian than the Russians	Military general
Attitude towards violence	war raises a man and the state to its true height Violence serves the state Black shirts	war is a glorious endeavor Violence eliminates enemies used threats and force thug squads called storm troopers or Brown shirts	violence and force eliminates your enemies but make sure that others are seen as responsible and not you	terrorism and war are necessary to achieve national unity did not enter WWII because of the effects of the civil war
Racial attitudes	vague idea of Italian superiority over everyone, especially Ethopians some anti- semitism after Hitler's ideas developed	Hatred of all non-Aryans, particularly Jews Proposed and implemented a "Final Solution" leading to the death of 12 million people	Hatred of Jews probably because they were intellectuals	no apparent* hatred except communists *see perceived threats
Methods of gaining power and later maintaining their power	used Black shirts to assault and eliminate opponents Promoted the corporate state appointed Premier by King in 1922 under duress then elected in 1924 when the Black shirts controlled the polls	jailed after failed coup attempt and used trial as a forum gathered Brown shirts using influence and later developed the SS, Gestapo as spy groups, burned the Reichstag and blamed agitators to get his party elected then appointed Chancellor in 1933	used Georgian thugs to kill and outmanever his opponets who were idealistic Used this idealism against them to become elected as the Secretariat then used extreme force to maintain control the communist party acted as his control with back up from the military	Led Nationalists against Loyalist troops in Spanish Civil War 1936-39 elected as President
Percieved threats	Communists	Communists Jews	Jews Democrats Intellectuals	Liberals and communists
Methods of retaining power	tight dictatorial power war used as unifer political parties outlawed Rome Olympics 1932 (nationalism) Propaganda	Same except to a far greater degree Berlin Olympics in 1936 (nationalism) used Big Lie technique (Propaganda)	Same except had greater party organization with the communist party and used purges to rid of opponets	one party dictatorship military
Results of rule	reduced unemployment sponsored public works projects industry and agriculture improved Trains ran on time Pride increased Military raised to a high status education improved but standard of living not really increased treasury went broke defeated in WWII	Economic recovery and pride restored much like Italy exterminiation of "inferiors" begun Supra militarism defeated in WWII led to vast destruction of property and people 12 million people alone exterminated in the Holocaust as a result of the Final Solution division of Germany until 1990 division may have led to cold war	stability but no real growth. 5 year plans produced some progress but fostered resentment among the people advances in new technologies were short lived no economic base to support their continued development eventual lack of intelligensia and dissolution of USSR in 1991	stability but no real growth for 40 years since 1979 dropped the corporate state and economic growth has begun

Profile of a Dictator

Eliminated all political opposition

Made extensive use of secret police

Censored sources of information, such as newspapers, radio.

Prohibited freedom of speech and assembly

Rigidly controlled art and artistic expression

Executed enemies or put in forced labor camps

Were anti-semitic

Used propaganda to gain power and later control

Were distrustful, suspicious, almost paranoid